STARS Open Water Diver Manual

Index

Orientation
Transform into a Fish on Your Holidays
Certificate of Fitness for Diving
Certification Card (C-Card)
 
Dive Equipment
Mask
Snorkel
Fins
Gloves/Boots
Diving suits
Weights
Tank
Regulator
Backup Scuba
BC
Gauge
Other Equipment 1
Other Equipment 2
Other Equipment 3
Equipment Setup
Equipment Maintenance
 
Underwater Environment
Topography and Artificial Structures 1
Topography and Artificial Structures 2
Ocean Conditions 1
Ocean Conditions 2
Poisonous Sea Life 1
Poisonous Sea Life 2
Aggressive Sea Life
 
Underwater Physiology
Light and Color
Sound
Drag/Buoyancy
Heat Absorption
Air Composition
Breathing and Circulation Mechanism
Diver Breathing /Air Consumption
Pressure
Pressure and Gas Volume
Lung Over-expansion Injury
Air Embolism
Gas Poisoning
Hyperventilation
Skip Breathing
Decompression Sickness (DCS)
The Human Body’s Air Spaces
Squeeze and Equalization
Specific Squeeze Types
Reverse Block and Equalization
Specific Body Air Cavities and Reverse Block
 
Plan and Rules
Diving Site Selection
Leader and Member
Buddy System
Equipment
Health Maintenance
Refresher Course
Cancellation and Modification
Emergency Plan
Communication
Air Consumption Ratio
Dive Table
Change of the internal nitrogen quantity
Comparison of the internal nitrogen quantity
Constitution of the Dive Table
No-decompression Dive Limit
Residual Group
Surfacing Time
Nitrogen Disappearance Time
Surface Interval Time
No-decompression Dive Limit for the second diving
Residual Nitrogen Time
Residual Group for the second diving
Decompression Stop
Safety Stop
Time Until Safe To Fly
Other attention
Work Sheet
Making a Dive Plan
Multi-Level Diving
Manners
 
Diving Skills
Donning Snorkel Set
Snorkel Clear
Fin Work
Donning the Weight Belt
Head First
Equipment Setup
Entry
Descent
Regulator Clear
Mask Clear
Regulator Recovery
Buoyancy Control
BC Donning and Removal
Weight Belt Donning and Removal
Equipment Release
Dealing with Emergencies 1
Dealing with Emergencies 2
Dealing with Emergencies 3

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Poisonous Sea Life 2



■Octopus

Octopi, particularly large ones, have such powerful suckers that they present the danger of freely manipulating and injuring a diver, such as taking hold of the diver’s mask or regulator.
The tiny and beautiful blue-ringed octopus possesses a poison so toxic that one bite is deadly. However, these are not aggressive unless provoked.


■Jellyfish

Most jellyfish possess poisonous nematocysts in their tentacles. The Portuguese man-of-war and similar jellyfish are deadly.

■Cone Shell

The attractive and seemingly innocuous cone shell is has a powerful poisonous needle that darts out when disturbed, to deadly effect.


■Sea Urchin

Diadem urchins (longspine urchins) and other sea urchin have poisonous spines which easily penetrate wetsuits and skin before breaking off to remain imbedded underneath the skin. Iijima Fukuro urchins and pacific urchins possess neurotoxins – keep clear!


Diadem urchins
(longspine urchins)


Iijima Fukuro urchins


■Crown of Thorns Starfish

Living on coral reefs, these starfish possess wide, pointed, poisonous thorns. Since they have had an explosive increase in population in recent years, these coral, coral crab and conch shell-eating pests are now targeted as a protective measure.


■Hydrozoan Stinging Ferns

With branches resembling chicken feathers, these hydrozoans (in the same family as jellyfish) have nematocysts which, when brushed up against, fire. The result is a pricking pain, ache, red blisters and strong itchiness lasting several days.


■Fire Coral

Very similar to regular coral reef, these are widely distributed among tropical reefs. If accidentally touched, these produce a burning pain and inflammation that lasts for several days.


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